Dry eye syndrome is characterized by symptoms like dryness, foreign body sensation, burning, redness, fatigue, and blurry vision. It occurs when there’s an issue with tear production, causing discomfort and damage to the surface of the eye. Middle-aged individuals, especially those experiencing a decline in tear production due to aging, are most affected. Additionally, extended screen time, exposure to fine dust, air pollution, and dry office environments also contribute to the problem. Let’s take a closer look at dry eye syndrome.
2.3–2.6 Million People Visit Clinics Annually... Half Are Aged 40–60
According to the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, about 2.38 million people sought treatment for dry eye syndrome in 2022, compared to 2.68 million in 2019. Women made up 66.5% of these patients, while men accounted for 33.5%. The most common age group affected were middle-aged individuals, with 19.4% in their 60s, 19.1% in their 50s, and 11.5% in their 40s. Dry eye syndrome is one of the main reasons people visit eye doctors, as various factors can lead to damage to the tear film, resulting in discomfort.
Menopausal Women Are Particularly at Risk... Why Does Tear Production Decrease?
The main causes of dry eye syndrome include reduced tear production, increased evaporation of tears, improper blinking, certain medications, and other underlying health conditions. Aging is the most common cause, with tear gland function naturally declining after age 40, leading to narrower tear ducts. Tear volume decreases, and its composition may change, destabilizing the tear film. This is particularly true for women, as hormonal changes during menopause further reduce tear production and affect the eyelid's function, leading to an unstable tear film.
Symptoms... Trouble Opening Your Eyes Upon Waking or Even Headaches?
Dry eye symptoms can range from a gritty feeling, burning, stinging pain, itching, redness, heavy eyelids, sensitivity to light, and eye fatigue. Many people feel as if sand is stuck in their eyes or have blurry vision, especially after waking up, when it can be difficult to open their eyes. Some even experience headaches. Symptoms tend to worsen in dry environments, like airplanes or supermarkets, or after extended screen use, which requires continuous focus.
Lifestyle Changes Are More Effective Than Medication... What Are Some Eye-Friendly Foods?
According to the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, lifestyle and environmental changes are more effective in managing dry eye syndrome than medications. It’s important to avoid irritating eye products, limit prolonged use of air conditioners, fans, car heaters, or stay in dry, enclosed spaces. Take breaks every 30 minutes when using a smartphone or computer and blink frequently to maintain eye moisture. If you have meibomian gland dysfunction, applying warm compresses to the eyelids and massaging the area around the lashes may help.
Most artificial tears can be used frequently without side effects. However, artificial tears with preservatives should be limited to four times a day, and preservative-free single-use eye drops are recommended for more frequent use. Since the effectiveness of artificial tears varies based on their composition, it’s best to consult an eye specialist for the right prescription.
Drinking water regularly and getting 7–8 hours of sleep are also important. Foods rich in Vitamin A, such as carrots and sweet potatoes, help maintain moisture in the eyes. Salmon, tuna, and milk, which are high in Vitamin D, contribute to stabilizing the tear film. Vitamin C (found in oranges, strawberries, etc.) is essential for eye health, while Vitamin E (from avocado, almonds, etc.) supports cell health. Reducing excessive carbohydrate intake can also be beneficial.
Conclusion
Dry eye syndrome is a common and often uncomfortable condition that affects millions, particularly middle-aged individuals. While aging and hormonal changes play a significant role in its development, lifestyle changes are key to managing symptoms. Limiting screen time, staying hydrated, eating a diet rich in vitamins, and avoiding harsh environmental conditions can greatly reduce the severity of dry eyes. Medication can help, but prevention through healthy habits is the best long-term solution.
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